Reasoning: The paragraph outlines the "multifaceted approach" needed, involving patients, policymakers, and pharmaceutical companies.
(Justification: Paragraph F highlights the "economic bottleneck" and explains that pharmaceutical companies lack financial incentives because antibiotics are short-duration drugs.)
If you are practicing for the IELTS, these concepts often appear in passages regarding "The Superbug Threat": Natural Evolution:
Using antibiotics to promote growth in livestock spreads resistant strains. Economic Burden: The table below highlights key terms used in
"...Alexander Fleming’s chance discovery of penicillin in 1928..."
To score a Band 7.0 or higher on the IELTS Reading module, you must become familiar with formal, academic lexicon. The table below highlights key terms used in the passage above: Vocabulary Word Part of Speech Definition in Context Intended to prevent disease or infection. Preventative, protective Acquiesce To accept something reluctantly but without protest. Comply, yield, give in Subtherapeutic
Antibiotics have saved hundreds of millions of lives since the discovery of penicillin in 1928. However, the overuse and misuse of these drugs in humans and animals have accelerated a natural evolutionary process: bacteria developing resistance. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when bacteria change over time and no longer respond to medicines, making infections harder to treat and increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness, and death. However, the overuse and misuse of these drugs
What is another cause of antibiotic resistance besides overprescription?
For nearly a century, antibiotics have served as the bedrock of modern medicine. Since Alexander Fleming’s chance discovery of penicillin in 1928, these microbial fighters have transformed healthcare, turning once-fatal infections into manageable conditions. Procedures that society now takes for granted—such as routine surgeries, organ transplants, cancer chemotherapy, and premature birth care—rely heavily on the prophylactic use of antibiotics to prevent opportunistic pathogens from overwhelming the human immune system. However, this golden age of medicine is under imminent threat due to the rapid acceleration of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
Reasoning: The essay covers the history, the causes, the dangers, and the solutions, all pointing to the central theme that antibiotic resistance is a severe threat requiring immediate action. and the solutions
mutation | prescription | livestock | diagnostic | viral | prophylactic
. It highlights how the overuse and misuse of antibiotics have accelerated the evolution of "superbacteria". www.scribd.com Key Reading Answers & Explanations
A description of how economic factors discourage companies from developing new medicines.
Developing nations have successfully eliminated the over-the-counter sale of antibiotics.